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Tunero
11-17-2012, 07:37 PM
Hello, my name is Al. I just registered as a member today while surfing the 'Net searching for guidance on how best to deal with a squirrel I have at home.
He is a 3 yr old Eastern Grey, which we took into our home as a baby after someone else tried abandoning him in a neighborhood park. I was fortunate enough to find information at the early stages, on a squirrel rehabbing website to guide me in the proper care and feeding of my little guy.
Up until now, he has been quite well. He has been, and still is active, frisky, eats well, and exhibits all the typical squirrel behavior like exploring, climbing up furniture, a large tree branch which I rigged up like a tree by securing it to a xmas tree trunk holder/base. He climbs, changes directions in the blink of an eye, hangs upside-down. He likes perching on my shoulder, while I give him walks around the house, all the while craning his little neck and at the ready to jump onto any potential landing area if given half a chance.
What really alarms me is that within a week's time, he looks and feels noticeably thinner. Before, whenever he would nestle between the small of my back and the palm of my hand, I could feel a certain heft to him, and feel his plump, roly-poly body. Now, he feels considerably lighter. I gently run my fingers over the length of his body, and I can feel bones that I couldn't feel before.
Something that sticks out in my mind, that preceded his current physical state-whether or not there is a connection, I don't know, is on the preceeding weekend, while loose in what I refer to as his "playroom", after having finished gnawing on a pistachio, about a couple of minutes later, he was crawling over a pair of light-colored shorts of mine, and he started rubbing his snout, from one side to another against the shorts. He kept circling around the shorts, rubbing his snout from side to side, then I noticed blood on the fabric where he had rubbed the sides of his snout. After a while, he stopped the rubbing, and continued with his play until I put him in his cage momentarily to tend to household chores. The rest of the evening went on as usual, and eventually we all called it a night.
Something I've also noticed in the last week or two-since I wear a dark fleece that he can comfortably climb and scurry around on without snagging his claws, I also noticed a lot of tail fur hair strands on it, and in place of the beautiful, bushy, ticked fur that he used to sport, his tail is now just a tubular-looking, 2 in around tail, with only a slight trace of fullness at the very tip. When I first noticed it I thought that was probably due to the change of seasons, and that he was just molting, but when I think about it, the opposite would be happening, he should be getting plumper and bushier, not thinner. (At least that's what I've observed of outdoor squirrels).
Since I try to let him loose in the house a couple of times a day (supervised of course) to give him a little exercise and let him do his squirrley thing (hide nuts) I notice that he has a little bit of trouble climbing up things, and the claws on all four paws snag a lot, while climbing, so it takes him a little longer to reach his intended destination.
Aside from that, he exhibits no signs of lethagy, or loss of appetite. He has no loose stools; just nice little firm pellets of varying sizes. His nose feels a little wet and cool to the touch, and I haven't spotted or manually detected any tumors, although, when he was plumper, and even now, he has some flabby areas around the upper nipples in the chest area that gave him a "big breasted" look and on the bottom portion of his belly.
We were feeding him exclusively pistachios, almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans (all in shell), supplementing with veggies and fruit, like carrots, celery, grapes, watermelon, broccoli, cilatro, beets, strawberries, blackberries, honeydew, canteloupe, mango - anything that he would accept. Since I've heard of MBD though, we've reversed the food hierchy, with the emphasis on veggies and fruits first and nuts secondly, hazelnuts and almonds only for now, since these I've read are higher in calcium, and lower in phosphorus which if the information I've read is correct, tends to deplete, or block calcium absorbtion.
I am trying to get him seen by a vet in the area that has experience dealing with wildlife re-habbers and maybe have a blood work-up done to see what might be going on inside him. In the meantime anyone ever had an exprience like this in their years of dealing and caring for indoor-kept squirrels. I am anxious for answers, and some reassuring words of encouragement. I've come this far with him and want to make sure he has as long and satisfying a life as is within my power and means.

Thanks.

Guardian by Destiny of one of God's many beautiful, unique, little creatures.

HRT4SQRLS
11-17-2012, 08:31 PM
:wave123 Al
:Welcome to TSB

I'm sure glad you found TSB. Hopefully some of the experienced rehabbers will be here soon but I'll throw a few things out there for you.

Have you checked his teeth? Sometimes seriously maloccluded teeth will prevent them from eating properly. You did say he was still eating but the blood from his snout would definitely warrant examining his teeth.

I'm sure glad you have found out about MBD because there is a very good chance he has it. Feeding pistachio, almonds, hazelnuts and pecans exclusively with vegetable and fruit as a supplement is a 'collision course' with MBD. Do you feed him a rodent block? In captivity, he can't get all the nutrients he needs from veggies, fruit and nuts. It is essential that he receive rodent blocks also. The nutrition section here will give you all the information you need to feed him properly. The blocks recommended are Henry's Healthy blocks for squirrels (from henryspets.com ), Mazuri rodent blocks, Kaytee FortiDiet Rat blocks (blue bag), Harlan Teklad or Zupreen monkey biscuits. If he isn't eating a block, it probably IS MBD. I would get him on a block ASAP and also start treatment by giving calcium. In the emergency section you will find a thread about MBD and its treatment. I'm not sure how long he was eating nuts as a primary but MBD doesn't develop overnight and it isn't treated overnight either. It take a long time to reverse the damage. Some damage can't be reversed. If MBD is what we are dealing with here (I think it is) you are probably lucky by catching it now. MBD leads to seizures, paralysis and death but it can be reversed IF you catch it in time.

This will give you a few things to think about. Hopefully the rehabbers will be here soon to advise.

CritterMom
11-17-2012, 08:33 PM
I think you are on the right track with MBD but you don't have the right tools. This baby needs a rodent block as the major part of his diet. Veggies alone cannot provide the calcium and trace minerals he needs.

I would start the MBD protocol right away. Start getting 4-500 mg of calcium into him daily, broken into multiple doses. You can actually use Tums to do this - they are all calcium. If he won't eat them voluntarily, dissolve in a little water and syringe feed, dissolve into a paste and just push into his mouth, etc. Keep him nice and warm and quiet - no adventures for a while.

Order some Henrys Healthy Bites from www.henryspets.com. They are tasty and highly fortified and for an MBD squirrel they are the ticket. He should be eating 2 a day.

The "getting his claws stuck in things" is a big MBD "tell."

If you do the MBD therapy and change his diet I bet he will do well. You seem to have caught it early - you are observant, and that is good.

A good quality health food store may have calcium carbonate powder which is really easy to supplement with because it has no flavor and you can hide it eeasily. If you cannot find it, google "NOW calcium carbonate powder" - it is only a few dollars.

HRT4SQRLS
11-18-2012, 07:44 AM
Good morning Al,
I woke up this morning thinking about your squirrel. I want to post the MBD treatment for you. It is detailed but will give you everything you need to help your squirrel.


Emergency Treatment for MBD

Get calcium into the squirrel IMMEDIATELY, not later, not tomorrow, NOW.
Delaying treatment can cause death or permanent paralysis.

You will need:
Tums, rolaids, or calcium supplement (any kind)
a syringe or spoon
Crush one pill and add a little water or fruit juice to make a paste. Use the syringe or spoon to force-feed the mixture, a little at a time, until it is all gone.

After you give the initial dose of calcium, give 100 mg calcium every 4 hours. If symptoms return or do not improve, try dosing more often: every 3 hours. Severe cases may need 50 mg calcium every 2 hours.

Your squirrel's symptoms should improve within a few hours; within 1-3 days your squirrel should be alert, active, and eating, with no seizures or paralysis. You should be giving 500-600 mg calcium per day. Keep track of how many doses you give so you can adjust the dosage if needed. You should work with TSB members to do this.

Important!

Any kind of calcium pill is okay for the initial dose. But you must use PLAIN calcium carbonate (without Vit D) from then on.

Many small doses of calcium throughout the day/night are best to keep blood calcium levels as steady as possible.

If symptoms worsen or return, give an emergency dose of 100 mg calcium, then consult with TSB members or a rehabber or veterinarian to adjust the dosing schedule. Relapses are very serious and often fatal.

White feces or a white film on dried urine may mean the dosage can be reduced, as this indicates not all of the calcium is being absorbed. It may also mean you need to give smaller doses more often.

The acute symptoms (weakness, lethargy, seizures, paralysis) will usually improve within a few hours, but this does not mean the squirrel is cured. It will take many months to rebuild the calcium in the bones. (See the "Long-Term Treatment for MBD" below.)

More Tips

MBD causes brittle bones that break easily. You should pad the bottom of your squirrel's cage and keep him away from high places, where he might jump and break a bone.

Heat is very soothing for a squirrel with MBD. A heating pad turned to low and placed so they cannot chew the pad or cord, or a rice buddy (a sock filled with dry rice/beans and microwaved for about 20 seconds) will work. Squirrels with hind-end paralysis may benefit from gentle massage of the legs and hips.


Long-Term Treatment for MBD

The next step to curing MBD is to fix the diet.

1. Remove ALL seeds, nuts, corn, and treats, including stashes.

2. Follow the Healthy Diet For Pet Squirrels, which can be found here: http://thesquirrelboard.com/forums/s...ad.php?t=32046 and on the Henry’s Healthy Pets website (http://www.henryspets.com/pages/Healthy-Diet.html). Your squirrel MUST eat rodent blocks or squirrel blocks every day (either 2 Henry's Healthy Squirrel Blocks per day, or a small handful of commercial rodent block per day). If you choose to feed commercial rodent blocks, which are extremely hard, you should crush them up with peanut butter, yogurt, fruit juice, avocado, baby food, etc., to make them easier to chew and improve the taste.

3. You will need to continue giving extra calcium every day for many weeks. You can use a syringe or spoon, or you can mix the calcium with a small amount of peanut butter, crushed nuts, yogurt, baby food, or any food the squirrel likes. An easy way to dose the calcium is to mix 500 mg of calcium powder with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter or other tasty food and roll it into 5 little balls; each ball will contain 100 mg calcium.

Calcium Dosage:

Continue to give 500-600 mg calcium per day for 1 week. Then try reducing the total daily amount by 50 mg. If the squirrel remains stable for 1 week, reduce the daily amount by another 50 mg. Continue this weekly reduction until the squirrel is only getting around 100 mg of extra calcium per day. Continue this for at least another 2 weeks. If at any time symptoms return, give an emergency 100 mg dose, then go back to a higher dosage for 1-2 weeks.

The treatment for each squirrel may be slightly different and you should work with a rehabber or TSB members to tailor the treatment to your squirrel's needs. Depending on the age of the squirrel, severity of disease, and other factors, your squirrel may need extra calcium for many months, perhaps for life.

Important Information
The MBD treatment is a "standardized" treatment that will get most cases on the road to recovery. But every case is different and the treatment should be customized to each squirrel. Severe cases sometimes need more aggressive treatment. There is a limit to how much calcium the body can absorb at one time, so lower doses of calcium given more often is the key with severe cases.

What is MBD?
Calcium is a very important nutrient. It strengthen the bones, but also plays a vital role in all body functions. Every cell in the body contains water plus small amounts of dissolved minerals such as calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium. These minerals allow the cells to transmit small electrical signals. Without this cell-to-cell communication, the organs can't function: your heart can't beat, your nerves can't transmit impulses; in fact, you would die.

When there isn't enough calcium in the diet, the body will dissolve the calcium from the bones and use that instead. This eventually causes the bones to become depleted of calcium. Eventually the bones become so depleted, there isn't enough calcium left to maintain sufficient calcium in the cellular fluids, and the organs can't function properly. This is what causes the symptoms of MBD: loss of appetite, lethargy, muscle pain, paralysis, seizures, and eventually death. Humans don't get this type of severe MBD, partly because our calcium requirement is lower and our bones are much bigger, allowing us to store more calcium.

By giving high doses of calcium orally, you are artificially maintaining your squirrel's blood calcium levels because his bones no longer contain enough calcium to maintain his calcium levels normally.

Once the emergency calcium is given, your squirrel's blood calcium levels should normalize fairly quickly. He should "bounce back" and act normal or almost normal. If you are still seeing symptoms such as seizures, loss of appetite, lethargy, or paralysis, the calcium levels may still be too low. This means the body will try to pull the remaining calcium from the bones, which means the MBD is actually getting worse. So stabilizing blood calcium levels is critical. The next step to actually curing the MBD is rebuilding bone. This is the part that takes a long time.

Stabilizing the blood calcium levels can and must be done quickly. In severe cases, calcium may be needed more often throughout the day and night, as often as every 2 hours.

HRT4SQRLS
11-18-2012, 08:00 AM
One more thing.

Here is the link to the Healthy Diet for Pet squirrels. http://thesquirrelboard.com/forums/showthread.php?t=32218

You really are going to have to stop giving so many nuts. Nuts should only be given as treats NOT as a major part of the diet. You will need to practice 'tough love' because your squirrel LOVES his nuts and will be resistant to eating rodent block but you will need to insist. I know you researched diet when you first started but unfortunately there is a LOT of BAD information out there on the internet. We see people just like yourself everyday that have followed these diets. They are not only unhealthy, they can be DEADLY.

There are many people here that follow this diet and have pet/NonRelease squirrels that are well over 10 years old so this diet definitely DOES work.

Again, welcome to TSB. Tell us about your squirrel. Name? Etc. Also, we love pictures. Hang around Al. There are a bunch of nutty squirrel people here. :thumbsup :D

Tunero
11-19-2012, 01:19 PM
Hello. Tried sending you and Critter Mom messages thanking you both for your timely advice and encouraging words, but got a message from the site that the message I was attempting to send was "invalid". I believe I read somewhere at the bottom of the forum page, that I am not allowed to repy to posting threads.
Just want to let you know that I have started administering the calcium carbonate, first in paste form, then via syringe. Either way, it's not a easy task. The little guy resists having it given to him; but I'll continue trying. (I have even dunked his nuts in the paste to coat them; I have yet to see if he'll take it that way. I made an appointment with a veterinarian experienced in dealing with wildlife and exotics and dropped him off at his office on my way to work this morning. I was referred to him by a rehabber in the area who is friends with another rehabber who regularly brings in wildlife (including squirrels) to be seen and treated. He will be doing blood work up and diagnostics to see what exactly is going on with him. The vet told me that he'll be observing him throughout the day to get a visual take on his condition. I'll be picking him up after work. I'll do my best to keep you updated on the vet's findings after I've had a chance to talk with him.
Thank you both for your direction and concern shown.

Sincerely,

-Al (budding squirrel rehabber)

Tunero
11-19-2012, 01:27 PM
Never mind; looks like i am able to reply to posts after all!

Skul
11-19-2012, 01:41 PM
I'm still a little concerned about the teeth as well.
Might not be a bad idea to have them checked.

Tunero
11-19-2012, 08:52 PM
I'm still a little concerned about the teeth as well.
Might not be a bad idea to have them checked.

Hi Skul. The vet did check his teeth, and said they looked normal. I didn't think that might be the source of his troubles, since he has no problem gnawing and opening his nuts, even the harder ones, like hazelnuts (his favorite, second to pistachios!) However, I'm going to scale back on the nuts and try getting him to take his rodent block.